In the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process, what is the purpose of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)?

• A. To analyze potential alternatives and their environmental effects
• B. To summarize the economic benefits of a proposed project
• C. To assess the cumulative impacts of multiple projects in an area
• D. To expedite the approval process for environmentally sensitive projects

Answer: (A)

The main idea is that an Environmental Impact Statement is a thorough analysis of what would happen to the environment if the proposed action goes forward, compared with reasonable alternatives. It focuses on the environmental effects of each option, describes the environment that could be affected, and lays out mitigation measures to reduce harm. This analysis helps decision-makers choose among alternatives by weighing environmental consequences, not by tallying economic benefits or speeding up approval. The document typically includes the no-action alternative as a baseline and discusses potential cumulative impacts as part of the broader picture.