All of the following are exclusions from the definition of hazardous waste except:

• A. munitions wastes
• B. household haz waste
• C. spent chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants
• D. trivalent chromium wastes

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is which wastes are exempt from being defined as hazardous waste under RCRA. Household hazardous waste is excluded because it’s generated by households and typically falls under local programs rather than the federal hazardous waste rules. Spent chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants are excluded because their management is governed by refrigerant/air regulation under other statutes, not by the hazardous waste program. Wastes containing chromium in the trivalent form (Cr(III)) are excluded since they do not meet the toxicity characteristics used to classify chromium as hazardous (the concern is mainly Cr(VI), which is hazardous). Munitions wastes, however, are not automatically excluded from the definition; they are subject to a separate regulatory framework (the military munitions rule) and can be treated as hazardous waste under RCRA in certain circumstances. Therefore, munitions wastes are not an exclusion, making them the correct choice.